Ideas and Ideals

The article tells about a base anthropological conflict between properly human indefinite and free integral part and his/her biological animal nature. The conflict is the fact, that having anxiety and fear of excess of their anthropogenic freedom, people create corporate culture for recovering their biological balance broken by freedom. In this context, culture is a try of reviving of animal natural state harmony. A great number of symbols and ideas sacralized by culture serve to this purpose. But freedom cannot exist with the normative construction. All unpredictable dynamics of human history is based on the continuing process of the conflict.

The author considers the degradation of peasant labour culture in the Soviet kolkhozes, which still affects the modern village. Peasantry is presented as the community of rural inhabitants occupied with crop growing and cattle breeding who possess socio-cultural legacy of ancestors. The author highlights the idea, that traditional culture of peasant labour in Russia was very high. To prove the fact, the examples from the research work of classical writers of the Russian history, ethnographers’, foreigners’ evidence about Russia and the Russian folklore are given in the article. According to the author the policy of collectivization led to the socio-cultural degradation of the traditional labour culture of peasants. The absence of private property, material and moral interests as well as super-exploitation of peasants by the state, low-paid work, cultural revolution and "equal rights" for everybody were the main factors, which led to degradation. And as the result, such phenomena as low productivity of labour, economic indifference, imitation of labour were formed and all the previously mentioned factors led to moral degradation. The author supports the formulated conclusions with the testimonies of former peasants which have been collected in the new scientific genre "oral history". In the opinion of eyewitnesses of collectivization and the author of the article for the modern village recovery it is necessary to give peasants private property and freedom of creativity.

In the article, Russian regions are the classified in terms of cultural capital  development by cluster analysis method. Inside the allocated clusters, generalized factors are defined by the method of principal components; the effect  of indicators  of  cultural capital on the level of economic activity of the population is measured. The obtained multiple regression equation was used for forecasting the level of economic activity of population in 2016-2018 years.  

The author attempts to explain the changes taking place in different historical periods in the private and public spheres of social life. The content of these transformations is described as social privatization. The direction of social privatization is defined as the movement of the society towards de-politicization, de-socialization and privatization (ochastnivaniye). The author provides the examples of changes, the essence of which is social privatization; he also considers a decrease of civic activity of the population, the emergence of fenced and quasi-public spaces and turning of the state into a private corporation. The author argues that social privatization can act as a mechanism by which individuals and groups are trying to adapt to adverse changes in the social environment. Socially dangerous consequences of social privatization are characterized by the inability and unwillingness of people to hear and see each other, to carry out collective and cooperative activities in the public interest. The book is intended for sociologists, social philosophers, historians, graduate students and students of social theory, sociology of management, sociology, state and law, sociology of the city.

The author analyzes culture as a factor that facilitates a solution to the management problem in conditions of transforming Russian society. Management culture is considered as a part of the general social culture that has impact on the subjects of management interaction. It is demonstrated that the management culture should be focused on two main objectives: first, to identify the key personality traits of employees demanded by the innovative economy. Second, to identify the capabilities of management culture to form an employee that is competitive in new environment. The article analyzes the list of social qualities which an employee should possess in conditions of innovative economy. It considers contradictions between demands made by modern social-economic conditions and leader’s views about the complex of professional and personal qualities that are required to manage and control the structure of organization. The author examines such basic criteria of high management culture of modern employee as knowledge of scientific and organizational management bases, ability to make autonomous decisions and realize them in activity, ability to make effective use of scientific management tools, efficiency, and discipline. Based on the data of sociological research the author comes to a conclusion about non-compliance of the national management culture to the demands of innovative economy. The author substantiates a set of conditions that should be met for the optimization of social management.

The article discusses the "lingua-cultural type" - a fairly new concept used in research conducted at the intersection of cognitive linguistics and cultural linguistics. The study of this phenomenon makes it possible to approach the understanding of the national language picture of the world and all its components. In the article the author presents the lingua-cultural description of "a bohemian man" concept, which has a number of characteristics and distinctive features, taking into consideration the Russian world view. In order to get the most complete understanding of the lingua-cultural type of "a bohemian man" in the perceptions of Russian speakers, the author conducted the following experiment: she studied the perceptual and value characteristics of “a bohemian man” image from the point of view of people of different ages, education levels and occupations.

The paper aims to give an interpretation of the rejection of master-theory in the feminist epistemology within the contemporary pragmatism context. Within the feminist field, the rejection is guided by the fundamental “instability of the analytical categories of feminist theory”, which is itself the consequence of an attempt to copy the androcentric way to make feminist theory (S. Harding). The interpretation of the rejection within the contemporary pragmatism field gives a possibility to represent the “instability” not as the consequence of the relativization of the discourse within the feminist epistemology, but as the consequence of the pragmatic interpretation of the theory “as an instrument”, representing a complex social phenomenon.

The article is devoted to the problem of determination of the specifics of social and philosophical knowledge in comparison with sociology. Despite their genetic relationship and substantial similarity they have essential differences. For a philosopher the initial object of critical analysis is not a society itself, but the way of its description, while for a sociologist the main objective is to create a descriptive model of the social phenomena. The mentioned above distinctions don't cancel the possibility of effective synthesis of the approaches developed both within the frames of sociology, and social philosophy.

The Internet allows a huge number of people, including those living abroad to feel like a single community. Internet-based technologies represent a new social capital of migrants that has not existed before. Obvious aspect of computer-mediated communication (CMC) is that it goes beyond time and space. Virtual communities have the potential not only to bind the individuals, but also to unite them, creating an emotional connection. Internet-based technologies increase quantitative and qualitative indicators of communication, supplementing already existing structure of interaction, acting sometimes as a factor initiating the subsequent interaction in reality. A research devoted to the process of communication among migrants (including CMC), deserves special attention, since migration is global in nature and has increasing rates. We can select 4 categories of using Internet-based technologies: search tools, e-mails, forums and chats. Using Internet-based technologies may vary depending on the stage of migration, which can be divided into three: pre-migrant, post-migrant and settled migrant. CMC is used by migrants to build new relationships, maintain existing and restore the lost ones. Internet-based technologies almost allow migrants to be in a different reality. Sometimes the frequency and activity of virtual contacts making them for the individual much more real than those that do not take place "online". Internet-based technologies are an important resource in the field of communication of individuals and provide them with plenty of opportunities previously unavailable. Reality mediated by the internet-based technologies transforms, slowly becomes a new previously non-existed reality.

Various factors affect the socio-economic and socio-political situation in society. It largely determines the change in the level of social tension. Increasing the level of social tension to a critical level leads to the formation of protest moods in the community, which, logically, increases the probability of the various protests, such as: gathering signatures, rallies, demonstrations, pickets, hunger strikes, and others. Protest potential can lead to aggressive actions of certain groups of the population. The article deals with the study of a model of protest moods, the empirical basis of which is the change in the level of protest activity in the city of Krasnoyarsk in the last 6 years. As have shown results studies, a significant impact on protest activity of the population have regional factors. Environmental and personal safety factors affect a large extent, which can lead to self-organization of the population and the large-scale protests. The article presents the confirmation of the hypothesis that if the social and political factors do not directly affect the personal safety of the population, despite the crisis phenomena in the society, the level of protest moods in the region could be stable and remain at a low level.